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Use when an ecommerce seller is pricing a...\n\nTags: latest:1.1.0\n\nVersion history:\n\nv1.1.0 | 2026-05-28T15:32:56.108Z | user\n\nv1.1.0 — Major skill upgrade. Expanded SKILL.md with Quick Reference, 7-step workflow, 2 worked examples (US T-shirt to DE consumer; Section 301 model on China-sourced electronics), and 10 common mistakes. Added references/hs-code-guide.md, references/incoterm-tradeoffs.md, references/de-minimis-table.md, references/output-template.md, and assets/quality-checklist.md to support data-driven landed-cost decisions.\n\nv1.0.0 | 2026-05-05T01:14:12.266Z | user\n\nInitial release.\n\nArchive index:\n\nArchive v1.1.0: 8 files, 12734 bytes\n\nFiles: assets/quality-checklist.md (2161b), references/de-minimis-table.md (2493b), references/hs-code-guide.md (2859b), references/incoterm-tradeoffs.md (2740b), references/output-template.md (1791b), skill-card.md (2201b), SKILL.md (9192b), _meta.json (142b)\n\nFile v1.1.0:SKILL.md\n\n---\nname: Customs Duty Calculator\ndescription: Estimate import duties, tariffs, and landed costs for cross-border ecommerce shipments by HS code and destination. Use when an ecommerce seller is pricing a product for a new export market, considering DDP vs DDU shipping, or trying to reconcile unexpected duty bills on past shipments.\n---\n\n# Customs Duty Calculator\n\nCross-border ecommerce sellers frequently face unexpected costs when shipping products internationally. Import duties, tariffs, value-added taxes, and various customs surcharges can erode profit margins if not properly estimated before pricing products for foreign markets. This skill helps ecommerce operators estimate the full landed cost of their products by calculating applicable duties and taxes based on Harmonized System (HS) codes, product values, shipping costs, and destination country regulations.\n\n## Quick Reference\n\n| Decision | Strong | Acceptable | Weak |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| HS code accuracy | 10-digit code validated against destination country tariff schedule with binding ruling where stakes warrant | 6-digit code with documented logic | Guessed from product name |\n| Customs valuation | CIF (Cost + Insurance + Freight) where required; FOB elsewhere; reconciled against the country's WTO Valuation Code interpretation | Product cost + estimated freight | Wholesale price only |\n| VAT / sales tax | Applied per destination at correct rate; threshold rules respected (EU IOSS, UK £135 rule, US Section 321) | Applied at standard rate without thresholds | Ignored entirely |\n| FTA / preferential treatment | Verified origin documented with Certificate of Origin; FTA invoked only when eligible | FTA assumed and noted to verify | Standard MFN rate used everywhere |\n| DDP vs DDU | DDP when duties under USD 50 or buyer-experience matters; DDU when duties large and uncertain | DDU with prepay option | No explicit choice; buyer surprised at delivery |\n| Surcharges | All of: MPF, HMF (US); brokerage; carrier disbursement fee; consumption tax included | Brokerage included; surcharges noted | Only base duty + VAT |\n| Margin model | Landed cost compared against destination retail in local currency net of platform fees, returns reserve, FX margin | Landed cost vs retail | Wholesale cost only |\n| Documentation retention | Commercial invoice, packing list, HS code, declared value, customs paperwork retained 5+ years | 1-2 years | None |\n\n## Problems this skill solves\n\n1. A US seller is pricing for the EU and needs to know the all-in landed cost (duty + VAT + brokerage) per unit.\n2. A brand is comparing DDP vs DDU for AE and JP and needs the margin impact of each option.\n3. A seller got hit with a USD 4,200 unexpected duty bill on a UK shipment and needs to understand whether HS code, valuation, or VAT was the cause.\n4. A founder is choosing between Mexico via USMCA preferential rate and an existing carrier with its own Mexico duty estimate, and wants to confirm which is correct.\n5. A team is launching into 5 EU markets and needs a single sheet showing per-SKU landed cost in each.\n6. A reseller wants to know the de minimis threshold by country to plan small-parcel shipments below the duty line.\n7. A brand needs to model the impact of a tariff change (e.g. US Section 301 increases) on its China-sourced SKUs.\n\n## Workflow\n\n### Step 1: Lock down HS code per SKU\nHS codes determine duty rates, surcharges, and FTA eligibility. The first 6 digits are global; digits 7-10 vary by country. Where money matters, get a binding tariff classification ruling from the destination customs authority. See `references/hs-code-guide.md`.\n\n### Step 2: Establish the customs valuation method\nMost countries follow the WTO Valuation Code. Default is transaction value (the price paid) but it must be adjusted for cost elements per the country's rules. EU and many others use CIF (cost + insurance + freight); US uses FOB on most entries. Get this right or every downstream number is wrong.\n\n### Step 3: Calculate base duty\nDuty = customs value × duty rate for the HS code. Check whether the country has an FTA with the country of origin; if eligible, use the preferential rate. Document the origin rule met (substantial transformation, regional value content, etc.).\n\n### Step 4: Add VAT / GST / consumption tax\nVAT applies on (customs value + duty + relevant surcharges). The rate varies by country and product category. Check threshold regimes: EU IOSS (consignment value ≤€150), UK £135 rule, US Section 321 ($800 de minimis as of date of writing — verify currentness), and similar.\n\n### Step 5: Layer in surcharges and broker fees\nUS adds Merchandise Processing Fee (MPF) and Harbor Maintenance Fee (HMF). Most countries add a carrier disbursement / brokerage fee. Express carriers (DHL, FedEx, UPS) charge their own brokerage. Cumulative effect on small parcels can exceed the duty itself.\n\n### Step 6: Decide Incoterm and pricing model\nDDP (Delivered Duty Paid) means the seller pays duty and VAT at clearance. Pros: clean buyer experience, retained margin control. Cons: cash flow, refund complexity. DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) means the buyer pays at delivery. Pros: cleaner seller P&L. Cons: surprise fees, refused parcels, NPS damage. See `references/incoterm-tradeoffs.md`.\n\n### Step 7: Reconcile and document\nCompare expected landed cost vs invoice once entry clears. Identify any variance. Retain the HS code, declared value, FTA documentation, and customs paperwork for the required period (often 5 years).\n\n## Worked Example 1: US apparel brand shipping to EU consumer\n\n**Inputs:** Single SKU, 100% cotton T-shirt. Wholesale cost USD 8. Retail target EUR 35. Shipping to a German consumer via DHL Express.\n\n**Calculation:**\n- HS code 6109.10 (cotton T-shirts, knitted)\n- EU duty rate (MFN, no FTA with US): 12%\n- Customs value: CIF = USD 8 + freight USD 4 + insurance USD 0.5 = USD 12.5 → EUR ~11.55 (FX 1.08)\n- Duty: 11.55 × 12% = EUR 1.39\n- VAT base: 11.55 + 1.39 = EUR 12.94\n- DE VAT rate: 19%\n- VAT: 12.94 × 19% = EUR 2.46\n- DHL brokerage: EUR 2.50 (small-package handling)\n- **Total landed cost: EUR 17.85** (vs EUR 11.55 cost + freight + insurance)\n- **Effective margin at EUR 35 retail: 49%** (before platform fees, FX, returns reserve)\n\nDDP decision: yes, because EUR 6.30 of fees + duty per shirt is poor buyer experience as a surprise.\n\n## Worked Example 2: Brand modeling Section 301 tariff change on China-sourced electronics\n\n**Inputs:** China-sourced wireless earbuds, FOB China USD 22. US destination. Annual volume 50,000 units.\n\n**Before tariff change:**\n- HS code 8518.30 (headphones and earphones)\n- Standard MFN duty: 4.9%\n- Section 301 list 4A: 7.5% (current rate at date of evaluation)\n- Combined duty: 12.4%\n- Per unit: 22 × 12.4% = USD 2.73\n- Plus MPF (0.3464%, min ~USD 32, max ~USD 634): negligible per unit at this volume\n- Annual duty: USD 136,500\n\n**After hypothetical Section 301 increase to 25% (announced):**\n- Combined duty: 29.9%\n- Per unit: 22 × 29.9% = USD 6.58\n- Annual duty: USD 329,000\n- Incremental annual cost: USD 192,500\n\n**Decision input:** Either absorb (margin impact $192k), raise retail by $4 (consumer impact), or shift sourcing to Vietnam or Indonesia (HS code may classify identically; new origin rules apply). Plan sourcing diversification before the rate takes effect.\n\n## Common Mistakes\n\n1. **Wrong HS code.** A small classification difference can swing duty 5-15 percentage points.\n2. **Using FOB where CIF is required.** EU and many others require CIF; missing freight from the customs value underdeclares.\n3. **Ignoring VAT.** Duty is often the smaller number; VAT 19-25% on the duty-inclusive base is usually larger.\n4. **Forgetting brokerage and carrier disbursement fees.** Small parcels can have 20-30% of total fees come from non-duty line items.\n5. **Assuming FTA without proof of origin.** USMCA / CPTPP / etc. require documentation; without it, the MFN rate applies.\n6. **Misreading de minimis.** The US $800 de minimis (Section 321) and EU €150 IOSS threshold are real but bounded by anti-stacking and recent enforcement changes; verify currentness.\n7. **DDP without monitoring.** DDP is great until duty rates change; rebill or re-price quarterly.\n8. **No documentation retention.** Customs audits look back 3-5 years; missing paperwork means accepting the auditor's number.\n9. **Mixing currencies.** Customs value in destination currency, retail in destination currency, cost in source currency — declare each conversion explicitly.\n10. **Ignoring product-category surcharges.** Alcohol, tobacco, batteries, hazardous goods, and food often carry additional duty schedules or regulatory fees.\n\n## Resources\n\n- `references/hs-code-guide.md` — How to find and validate HS codes, with examples and a binding-ruling primer.\n- `references/incoterm-tradeoffs.md` — DDP vs DDU comparison with margin and NPS implications.\n- `references/de-minimis-table.md` — De minimis thresholds and VAT thresholds for top 20 markets.\n- `references/output-template.md` — Per-SKU landed-cost worksheet template.\n- `assets/quality-checklist.md` — 40-point checklist to validate any duty estimate before publication.\n\nFile v1.1.0:_meta.json\n\n{\n \"ownerId\": \"kn70fv0ehp50emedet9tx3fekd82pw3b\",\n \"slug\": \"customs-duty-calculator\",\n \"version\": \"1.1.0\",\n \"publishedAt\": 1779982376108\n}\n\nFile v1.1.0:references/de-minimis-table.md\n\n# De Minimis and Threshold Quick Reference\n\nA de minimis is the consignment value below which duty (and sometimes VAT) is waived. These rules change with budget cycles and trade agreements — always verify the current value before relying on any number.\n\n| Country | Duty de minimis | VAT/GST threshold | Notes |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| United States | USD 800 (Section 321) | n/a (no national VAT) | Tightening enforcement; commercial imports excluded |\n| Canada | CAD 20 generally; CAD 40 from US/MX via CUSMA | CAD 40 from US/MX | CUSMA gives a higher threshold |\n| United Kingdom | £135 consignment | £135 | Above £135, duty applies; VAT applies at any value (collected from seller via UK VAT registration or at the border) |\n| EU (general) | €150 | €0 — VAT due on all imports | IOSS scheme for consignments ≤ €150 streamlines VAT collection |\n| Australia | AUD 1,000 | AUD 1,000 (low value imported goods GST applies to all imports for registered sellers) | |\n| Japan | JPY 10,000 | JPY 10,000 | |\n| Mexico | USD 50 | USD 50 | Higher thresholds with valid USMCA preferential treatment |\n| Brazil | USD 50 (express courier; varies) | n/a single number; ICMS + IPI complex | Strict customs; ANVISA applies to many products |\n| China | CNY 50 (personal) | n/a | Cross-border ecommerce comprehensive zones have separate rules |\n| Switzerland | CHF 5 of duty / CHF 5 of VAT (small consignment rule) | varies | Effectively low |\n| Norway | NOK 350 historically removed; VOEC for ≤NOK 3000 | VOEC seller-collects | |\n| New Zealand | NZD 1,000 | n/a — GST applies via overseas vendor registration | |\n| Singapore | SGD 400 GST relief; from 2023 GST applies to low-value imports | varies | |\n| South Korea | USD 150 (USD 200 from US under KORUS) | n/a | |\n| India | n/a meaningful (₹100 commercial; ₹5000 personal gift) | GST applies | High formality |\n| UAE | AED 1,000 | AED 1,000 | Above triggers full clearance |\n| Saudi Arabia | SAR 1,000 | varies | |\n| Russia | EUR 200 (subject to change) | varies | Sanctions environment changes regularly |\n| South Africa | ZAR 500 | varies | |\n| Brazil | USD 50 | varies | Repeated for emphasis — special enforcement |\n\n## Verification sources\n\n- US: CBP / USITC HTSUS\n- EU: TARIC database; member-state VAT pages\n- UK: HMRC Trade Tariff\n- Australia: ABF Tariff\n- Other: WCO Member national customs pages\n\nRates and thresholds can change inside a 12-month window; pull the live source for any number that affects a pricing decision.\n\nFile v1.1.0:references/hs-code-guide.md\n\n# HS Code Guide\n\nThe Harmonized System (HS) code is the most consequential single field in a customs entry. Get it wrong and duty, VAT, FTA eligibility, and regulatory compliance all break.\n\n## Structure\n\n- **Digits 1-2:** Chapter (96 chapters, e.g. 61 = knitted apparel)\n- **Digits 3-4:** Heading (4-digit international level)\n- **Digits 5-6:** Subheading (6-digit international level, the same in every WTO country)\n- **Digits 7-10:** Country-specific. US uses HTS (10 digits). EU uses TARIC (10 digits). Different countries can classify the same product at digits 7-10 differently.\n\nAlways confirm the destination country's full local code; the 6-digit code is rarely enough for duty purposes.\n\n## How to find a code\n\n1. Start with a 1-line product description in plain language.\n2. Open the destination country's tariff schedule (US: HTSUS at hts.usitc.gov; EU: TARIC at ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs; UK: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk; many others).\n3. Use the official explanatory notes — descriptions often turn on materials, function, and processing level rather than common name.\n4. Cross-check against at least one competitor's published declaration or a known import you've made.\n5. If duty is significant or volume is high, file for a binding ruling.\n\n## Binding rulings\n\n- **US:** Customs Rulings Online Search System (CROSS) + CBP eRuling at rulings.cbp.gov.\n- **EU:** Binding Tariff Information (BTI) issued by member-state customs and valid EU-wide.\n- **UK:** Advance Tariff Ruling (ATaR) via HMRC.\n\nBinding rulings take weeks to months but give legal certainty. Worth filing if duty stakes exceed several thousand dollars per year on a SKU.\n\n## Common pitfalls\n\n- **Material switch ambiguity.** Apparel with 50/50 cotton/polyester can land in different chapters; the dominant material by weight usually controls but rules vary.\n- **Sets and kits.** A gift set with multiple items may be classified by the \"essential character\" item, or by each item separately. Wrong choice can shift duty significantly.\n- **Parts vs assembled goods.** A semi-assembled product can fall under a different chapter than the finished good.\n- **Use-based classification.** Some codes turn on stated use (e.g., medical vs general) — declared use must be supportable.\n\n## Examples\n\n| Plain description | Likely 6-digit code | Notes |\n|---|---|---|\n| Cotton T-shirt, knit | 6109.10 | Chapter 61, knitted |\n| Cotton T-shirt, woven | 6205.20 | Chapter 62, woven |\n| Wireless headphones | 8518.30 | Subject to Section 301 lists from China |\n| Yoga mat (rubber/PVC) | 9506.91 or 3918.10 | Depends on material/use; can shift duty |\n| Skincare serum | 3304.99 | Cosmetics category |\n| Stainless steel water bottle | 7323.93 | Household article of iron/steel |\n\nThese are starting points only. Verify against the destination's tariff schedule before relying on any code.\n\nFile v1.1.0:references/incoterm-tradeoffs.md\n\n# DDP vs DDU Tradeoffs\n\nThe Incoterm choice changes who pays the duty, when, and what happens if anything goes wrong.\n\n## DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\n\nSeller is responsible for getting the goods to the buyer's door including all duties and import taxes.\n\n**Pros:**\n- Clean buyer experience; no surprise bills.\n- Single quoted price; lower checkout abandonment.\n- Returns are simpler (the seller is the importer of record).\n- Better marketplace performance — many platforms favor or require DDP for prime-style experiences.\n\n**Cons:**\n- Seller carries cash flow for duty and VAT upfront.\n- Margin model must include true landed cost. Underestimate = direct margin loss.\n- VAT registrations may be required in the destination country once volume crosses thresholds (EU OSS / IOSS, UK).\n- Refunding duty on returns is complex; carriers offer reclaim services but with fees.\n- Rate changes are absorbed by the seller until rebill.\n\n**Use when:** Per-shipment duty is small ( USD 200 | | ✓ |\n| Brand-direct consumer | ✓ | |\n| B2B buyer | | ✓ |\n| Marketplace listing | ✓ | |\n| Volatile duty rates | | ✓ |\n| Strong cash position | ✓ | |\n| Returns volume > 10% | | ✓ |\n\n## Always do\n\n- Quote landed cost transparently in marketing material and PDP.\n- Refresh the rate quarterly.\n- Reconcile actual customs invoices monthly against quoted rate; investigate variance > 10%.\n- Keep documentation for the legal retention period.\n\nFile v1.1.0:references/output-template.md\n\n# Landed Cost — Output Template\n\n## 1. Summary\n- **SKU:** [SKU]\n- **Origin country:** [Country]\n- **Destination country:** [Country]\n- **Incoterm:** [DDP / DDU / other]\n- **Per-unit landed cost:** [Currency + amount]\n- **Effective duty rate:** [%]\n- **Total tax + fee burden:** [Currency + amount]\n\n## 2. Inputs\n| Item | Value | Source |\n|---|---|---|\n| Wholesale cost (FOB) | | |\n| Freight per unit | | |\n| Insurance per unit | | |\n| HS code (6-digit) | | |\n| HS code (full local) | | |\n| Origin country | | |\n| Destination country | | |\n| Currency conversion | | |\n\n## 3. Customs valuation\n- Valuation method: [CIF / FOB / Transaction Value]\n- Customs value per unit: [amount in destination currency]\n\n## 4. Duty\n- MFN rate: [%]\n- Applicable FTA: [name or none]\n- Preferential rate: [% or n/a]\n- Rate used: [%]\n- Duty per unit: [amount]\n\n## 5. VAT / GST / consumption tax\n- Tax base: [amount]\n- Rate: [%]\n- Tax per unit: [amount]\n- Threshold regime applied: [IOSS / £135 rule / Section 321 / none]\n\n## 6. Surcharges\n| Surcharge | Amount per unit | Notes |\n|---|---|---|\n| Merchandise Processing Fee (US) | | |\n| Harbor Maintenance Fee (US) | | |\n| Carrier brokerage | | |\n| Disbursement fee | | |\n| Other | | |\n\n## 7. Total landed cost\n| Line | Amount |\n|---|---:|\n| Wholesale | |\n| Freight + insurance | |\n| Duty | |\n| VAT | |\n| Surcharges | |\n| **Total landed** | |\n\n## 8. Retail margin model\n- Destination retail price: [amount]\n- Platform fees: [%]\n- FX margin: [%]\n- Returns reserve: [%]\n- Net margin: [%]\n\n## 9. Assumptions and risks\n- [list any assumed values]\n- [list any unverified items]\n\n## 10. Documentation\n- [ ] HS code documented\n- [ ] Commercial invoice prepared\n- [ ] Packing list prepared\n- [ ] FTA Certificate of Origin (if applicable)\n- [ ] Retention plan (5 years)\n\nFile v1.1.0:assets/quality-checklist.md\n\n# Duty Estimate Quality Checklist\n\nRun through this list before publishing or pricing on the estimate. Any \"no\" is a blocker.\n\n## HS code\n- [ ] 6-digit code verified against destination tariff\n- [ ] Full local code (8 or 10 digit) verified\n- [ ] Description matches product\n- [ ] Material composition documented\n- [ ] If high stakes, binding ruling considered or obtained\n\n## Valuation\n- [ ] Valuation method documented (CIF / FOB / Transaction Value)\n- [ ] All addable costs identified (freight, insurance, assists, royalties)\n- [ ] Currency of declaration documented\n- [ ] FX rate and date stated\n\n## Duty calculation\n- [ ] MFN rate confirmed against current tariff\n- [ ] FTA eligibility evaluated\n- [ ] Certificate of Origin obtainable if FTA used\n- [ ] Section 301 / 232 / anti-dumping check (US imports from China especially)\n- [ ] Anti-circumvention concerns reviewed (third-country routing)\n\n## VAT / GST / consumption tax\n- [ ] Correct rate for product category\n- [ ] Tax base includes duty + addable costs\n- [ ] Threshold regime applied (IOSS, £135 rule, Section 321, etc.)\n- [ ] VAT registration in destination considered if volume warrants\n\n## Surcharges\n- [ ] MPF / HMF (US) included\n- [ ] Brokerage line included\n- [ ] Carrier disbursement fee included\n- [ ] Category-specific levies (alcohol, tobacco, batteries) included\n\n## Incoterm\n- [ ] DDP vs DDU choice documented\n- [ ] Cash-flow impact modeled if DDP\n- [ ] Buyer-experience impact considered if DDU\n- [ ] Prepay option evaluated if available\n\n## Margin model\n- [ ] Landed cost compared against destination retail\n- [ ] Platform fees included\n- [ ] FX margin modeled\n- [ ] Returns reserve modeled\n- [ ] Net margin acceptable per category target\n\n## Documentation and operations\n- [ ] Commercial invoice template ready\n- [ ] Packing list template ready\n- [ ] HS code embedded in product master\n- [ ] Retention plan ≥5 years\n- [ ] Reconciliation cadence agreed (monthly common)\n- [ ] Variance threshold for investigation agreed (often 10%)\n\n## Sign-off\n- [ ] Finance signs off on landed cost\n- [ ] Operations signs off on documentation flow\n- [ ] Customer service briefed on duty messaging\n\nFile v1.1.0:skill-card.md\n\n## Description:\n\nEstimate import duties, tariffs, and landed costs for cross-border ecommerce shipments by HS code and destination.\n\nThis skill is ready for commercial/non-commercial use.\n\n## Publisher:\n\n[leooooooow](https://clawhub.ai/user/leooooooow)\n\n### License/Terms of Use:\n\nMIT-0\n\n## Use Case:\n\nExternal ecommerce sellers and operations teams use this skill to estimate per-SKU landed cost, compare DDP and DDU shipping choices, and investigate unexpected customs duty bills across export markets.\n\n### Deployment Geography for Use:\n\nGlobal\n\n## Known Risks and Mitigations:\n\nRisk: Duty, VAT/GST, de minimis, surcharge, and tariff rules can change, and estimates may become stale or jurisdiction-specific.\n\nMitigation: Verify current rates and thresholds with official customs sources or a customs broker before relying on estimates for pricing or compliance.\n\nRisk: Incorrect HS classification, customs valuation, or preferential-origin assumptions can materially change landed cost and compliance obligations.\n\nMitigation: Document classification logic, valuation method, origin evidence, and consider binding rulings for high-value or high-volume shipments.\n\n## Reference(s):\n\n- [HS Code Guide](references/hs-code-guide.md)\n- [DDP vs DDU Tradeoffs](references/incoterm-tradeoffs.md)\n- [De Minimis and Threshold Quick Reference](references/de-minimis-table.md)\n- [Landed Cost Output Template](references/output-template.md)\n- [Duty Estimate Quality Checklist](assets/quality-checklist.md)\n\n## Skill Output:\n\n**Output Type(s):** [text, markdown, guidance]\n\n**Output Format:** [Markdown worksheet with tables, calculations, assumptions, and checklist items]\n\n**Output Parameters:** [1D]\n\n**Other Properties Related to Output:** [Estimates depend on user-provided product, HS code, valuation, origin, destination, currency, Incoterm, and current duty or tax rates.]\n\n## Skill Version(s):\n\n1.1.0 (source: server release metadata)\n\n## Ethical Considerations:\n\nUsers should evaluate whether this skill is appropriate for their environment, review any generated or modified files before relying on them, and apply their organization's safety, security, and compliance requirements before deployment.\n\nArchive v1.0.0: 3 files, 3723 bytes\n\nFiles: skill-card.md (2120b), SKILL.md (4935b), _meta.json (142b)\n\nFile v1.0.0:SKILL.md\n\n---\nname: customs-duty-calculator\ndescription: Estimate import duties, tariffs, and landed costs for cross-border ecommerce shipments by HS code and destination.\n---\n\n# Customs Duty Calculator\n\nCross-border ecommerce sellers frequently face unexpected costs when shipping products internationally. Import duties, tariffs, value-added taxes, and various customs surcharges can erode profit margins if not properly estimated before pricing products for foreign markets. This skill helps ecommerce operators estimate the full landed cost of their products by calculating applicable duties and taxes based on Harmonized System (HS) codes, product values, shipping costs, and destination country regulations.\n\n## Use when\n\n- A cross-border seller asks \"how much duty will I pay shipping my product to Germany?\" or wants to estimate import fees before entering a new international market\n- An ecommerce operator needs to calculate landed costs including duties, VAT, and customs processing fees to set profitable international prices on their store\n- A Shopee, Lazada, or TikTok Shop seller expanding from Southeast Asia to Europe or North America needs to understand tariff implications for their specific product categories\n- A sourcing manager importing goods from China, Vietnam, or India wants to compare total landed costs across different supplier countries to optimize procurement decisions\n\n## What this skill does\n\nThis skill walks the user through a structured landed-cost estimation process. It identifies the correct HS code classification for the product, looks up the applicable Most Favored Nation (MFN) duty rate or preferential trade agreement rate for the destination country, calculates ad valorem or specific duties, adds destination-country VAT or GST, and factors in customs processing fees and broker charges. The output provides a comprehensive cost breakdown that sellers can use to set international prices, evaluate market entry feasibility, and compare sourcing alternatives. It also flags potential free trade agreement benefits and de minimis thresholds that could reduce or eliminate duties.\n\n## Inputs required\n\n- **Product description** (required): A clear description of the product being shipped, including material composition and intended use — for example, \"women's cotton t-shirt, 100% cotton, knitted, retail value USD 12 each\"\n- **HS code** (optional but recommended): The 6-digit or 8-digit Harmonized System code for the product; if not provided, the skill will suggest likely classifications based on the product description\n- **Origin country** (required): The country where the product is manufactured or shipped from, such as \"China\" or \"Vietnam\"\n- **Destination country** (required): The target import country, such as \"United States,\" \"Germany,\" or \"United Kingdom\"\n- **Declared value per unit** (required): The commercial value of each unit in USD or the seller's base currency\n- **Shipping cost per unit** (optional): Freight and insurance cost per unit; if provided, it will be included in the customs value calculation (CIF basis) for countries that use CIF valuation\n- **Quantity per shipment** (optional): Number of units per shipment to calculate total duty liability and identify de minimis threshold eligibility\n\n## Output format\n\nThe output is structured into five clearly labeled sections. First, an HS Code Classification section confirming the code used and any assumptions made about product categorization. Second, a Duty Calculation section showing the duty type (ad valorem percentage or specific rate), the customs valuation basis (FOB or CIF), and the calculated duty amount per unit and per shipment. Third, a Tax Calculation section covering destination-country VAT, GST, or sales tax applied on top of the customs value plus duty. Fourth, an Additional Fees section listing estimated customs brokerage fees, merchandise processing fees (for US imports), or similar country-specific surcharges. Fifth, a Total Landed Cost Summary table showing the original product cost, duty, taxes, shipping, and fees with a final per-unit landed cost and the effective duty-plus-tax rate as a percentage of product value.\n\n## Scope\n\n- Designed for: ecommerce operators, cross-border sellers, sourcing managers, and brand teams expanding internationally\n- Platform context: platform-agnostic — applicable to Amazon, Shopee, Lazada, TikTok Shop, Shopify, and direct-to-consumer stores\n- Language: English\n\n## Limitations\n\n- Duty rates are estimated based on publicly available tariff schedules and may not reflect recent trade policy changes, temporary tariff suspensions, or anti-dumping duties on specific products\n- Does not replace consultation with a licensed customs broker for high-value or regulated shipments\n- Cannot access real-time customs databases; estimates should be verified against official government tariff lookup tools before making binding pricing commitments\n\nFile v1.0.0:_meta.json\n\n{\n \"ownerId\": \"kn70fv0ehp50emedet9tx3fekd82pw3b\",\n \"slug\": \"customs-duty-calculator\",\n \"version\": \"1.0.0\",\n \"publishedAt\": 1777943652266\n}\n\nFile v1.0.0:skill-card.md\n\n## Description:
\nEstimate import duties, tariffs, and landed costs for cross-border ecommerce shipments by HS code and destination.
\n\nThis skill is ready for commercial/non-commercial use.
\n\n## Publisher:
\n[leooooooow](https://clawhub.ai/user/leooooooow)
\n\n### License/Terms of Use:
\nMIT-0
\n\n\n## Use Case:
\nExternal ecommerce operators, cross-border sellers, sourcing managers, and brand teams use this skill to estimate duties, VAT or GST, customs fees, and total landed cost before pricing products or entering new markets.
\n\n### Deployment Geography for Use:
\nGlobal
\n\n## Known Risks and Mitigations:
\nRisk: Autoreview helper behavior may give nested review agents full command and filesystem authority by default.
\nMitigation: Use --no-yolo or AUTOREVIEW_YOLO=0 for autoreview unless full nested-agent access is intentional, and avoid running it on repositories containing uncommitted secrets.
\nRisk: Duty, tariff, tax, and customs-fee estimates may be outdated or incomplete for recent policy changes, temporary suspensions, anti-dumping duties, or regulated shipments.
\nMitigation: Verify estimates against official government tariff tools and consult a licensed customs broker for high-value, regulated, or binding import decisions.
\n\n\n## Reference(s):
\n- [ClawHub skill page](https://clawhub.ai/leooooooow/customs-duty-calculator)
\n\n\n## Skill Output:
\n**Output Type(s):** [text, markdown, guidance]
\n**Output Format:** [Markdown with labeled sections and summary tables]
\n**Output Parameters:** [1D]
\n**Other Properties Related to Output:** [Provides estimates that should be verified against official government tariff lookup tools before binding pricing or import decisions.]
\n\n## Skill Version(s):
\n1.0.0 (source: release evidence)
\n\n## Ethical Considerations:
\nUsers should evaluate whether this skill is appropriate for their environment, review any generated or modified files before relying on them, and apply their organization's safety, security, and compliance requirements before deployment.
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Use when an ecommerce seller is pricing a product for a new export market, considering DDP vs DDU shipping, or trying to reconcile unexpected duty bills on past shipments.\n---\n\n# Customs Duty Calculator\n\nCross-border ecommerce sellers frequently face unexpected costs when shipping products internationally. Import duties, tariffs, value-added taxes, and various customs surcharges can erode profit margins if not properly estimated before pricing products for foreign markets. This skill helps ecommerce operators estimate the full landed cost of their products by calculating applicable duties and taxes based on Harmonized System (HS) codes, product values, shipping costs, and destination country regulations.\n\n## Quick Reference\n\n| Decision | Strong | Acceptable | Weak |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| HS code accuracy | 10-digit code validated against destination country tariff schedule with binding ruling where stakes warrant | 6-digit code with documented logic | Guessed from product name |\n| Customs valuation | CIF (Cost + Insurance + Freight) where required; FOB elsewhere; reconciled against the country's WTO Valuation Code interpretation | Product cost + estimated freight | Wholesale price only |\n| VAT / sales tax | Applied per destination at correct rate; threshold rules respected (EU IOSS, UK £135 rule, US Section 321) | Applied at standard rate without thresholds | Ignored entirely |\n| FTA / preferential treatment | Verified origin documented with Certificate of Origin; FTA invoked only when eligible | FTA assumed and noted to verify | Standard MFN rate used everywhere |\n| DDP vs DDU | DDP when duties under USD 50 or buyer-experience matters; DDU when duties large and uncertain | DDU with prepay option | No explicit choice; buyer surprised at delivery |\n| Surcharges | All of: MPF, HMF (US); brokerage; carrier disbursement fee; consumption tax included | Brokerage included; surcharges noted | Only base duty + VAT |\n| Margin model | Landed cost compared against destination retail in local currency net of platform fees, returns reserve, FX margin | Landed cost vs retail | Wholesale cost only |\n| Documentation retention | Commercial invoice, packing list, HS code, declared value, customs paperwork retained 5+ years | 1-2 years | None |\n\n## Problems this skill solves\n\n1. A US seller is pricing for the EU and needs to know the all-in landed cost (duty + VAT + brokerage) per unit.\n2. A brand is comparing DDP vs DDU for AE and JP and needs the margin impact of each option.\n3. A seller got hit with a USD 4,200 unexpected duty bill on a UK shipment and needs to understand whether HS code, valuation, or VAT was the cause.\n4. A founder is choosing between Mexico via USMCA preferential rate and an existing carrier with its own Mexico duty estimate, and wants to confirm which is correct.\n5. A team is launchin"},{"path":"_meta.json","content":"{\n \"ownerId\": \"kn70fv0ehp50emedet9tx3fekd82pw3b\",\n \"slug\": \"customs-duty-calculator\",\n \"version\": \"1.1.0\",\n \"publishedAt\": 1779982376108\n}"},{"path":"references/de-minimis-table.md","content":"# De Minimis and Threshold Quick Reference\n\nA de minimis is the consignment value below which duty (and sometimes VAT) is waived. These rules change with budget cycles and trade agreements — always verify the current value before relying on any number.\n\n| Country | Duty de minimis | VAT/GST threshold | Notes |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| United States | USD 800 (Section 321) | n/a (no national VAT) | Tightening enforcement; commercial imports excluded |\n| Canada | CAD 20 generally; CAD 40 from US/MX via CUSMA | CAD 40 from US/MX | CUSMA gives a higher threshold |\n| United Kingdom | £135 consignment | £135 | Above £135, duty applies; VAT applies at any value (collected from seller via UK VAT registration or at the border) |\n| EU (general) | €150 | €0 — VAT due on all imports | IOSS scheme for consignments ≤ €150 streamlines VAT collection |\n| Australia | AUD 1,000 | AUD 1,000 (low value imported goods GST applies to all imports for registered sellers) | |\n| Japan | JPY 10,000 | JPY 10,000 | |\n| Mexico | USD 50 | USD 50 | Higher thresholds with valid USMCA preferential treatment |\n| Brazil | USD 50 (express courier; varies) | n/a single number; ICMS + IPI complex | Strict customs; ANVISA applies to many products |\n| China | CNY 50 (personal) | n/a | Cross-border ecommerce comprehensive zones have separate rules |\n| Switzerland | CHF 5 of duty / CHF 5 of VAT (small consignment rule) | varies | Effectively low |\n| Norway | NOK 350 historically removed; VOEC for ≤NOK 3000 | VOEC seller-collects | |\n| New Zealand | NZD 1,000 | n/a — GST applies via overseas vendor registration | |\n| Singapore | SGD 400 GST relief; from 2023 GST applies to low-value imports | varies | |\n| South Korea | USD 150 (USD 200 from US under KORUS) | n/a | |\n| India | n/a meaningful (₹100 commercial; ₹5000 personal gift) | GST applies | High formality |\n| UAE | AED 1,000 | AED 1,000 | Above triggers full clearance |\n| Saudi Arabia | SAR 1,000 | varies | |\n| Russia | EUR 200 (subject to change) | varies | Sanctions environment changes regularly |\n| South Africa | ZAR 500 | varies | |\n| Brazil | USD 50 | varies | Repeated for emphasis — special enforcement |\n\n## Verification sources\n\n- US: CBP / USITC HTSUS\n- EU: TARIC database; member-state VAT pages\n- UK: HMRC Trade Tariff\n- Australia: ABF Tariff\n- Other: WCO Member national customs pages\n\nRates and thresholds can change inside a 12-month window; pull the live source for any number that affects a pricing decision."},{"path":"references/hs-code-guide.md","content":"# HS Code Guide\n\nThe Harmonized System (HS) code is the most consequential single field in a customs entry. Get it wrong and duty, VAT, FTA eligibility, and regulatory compliance all break.\n\n## Structure\n\n- **Digits 1-2:** Chapter (96 chapters, e.g. 61 = knitted apparel)\n- **Digits 3-4:** Heading (4-digit international level)\n- **Digits 5-6:** Subheading (6-digit international level, the same in every WTO country)\n- **Digits 7-10:** Country-specific. US uses HTS (10 digits). EU uses TARIC (10 digits). Different countries can classify the same product at digits 7-10 differently.\n\nAlways confirm the destination country's full local code; the 6-digit code is rarely enough for duty purposes.\n\n## How to find a code\n\n1. Start with a 1-line product description in plain language.\n2. Open the destination country's tariff schedule (US: HTSUS at hts.usitc.gov; EU: TARIC at ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs; UK: trade-tariff.service.gov.uk; many others).\n3. Use the official explanatory notes — descriptions often turn on materials, function, and processing level rather than common name.\n4. Cross-check against at least one competitor's published declaration or a known import you've made.\n5. If duty is significant or volume is high, file for a binding ruling.\n\n## Binding rulings\n\n- **US:** Customs Rulings Online Search System (CROSS) + CBP eRuling at rulings.cbp.gov.\n- **EU:** Binding Tariff Information (BTI) issued by member-state customs and valid EU-wide.\n- **UK:** Advance Tariff Ruling (ATaR) via HMRC.\n\nBinding rulings take weeks to months but give legal certainty. Worth filing if duty stakes exceed several thousand dollars per year on a SKU.\n\n## Common pitfalls\n\n- **Material switch ambiguity.** Apparel with 50/50 cotton/polyester can land in different chapters; the dominant material by weight usually controls but rules vary.\n- **Sets and kits.** A gift set with multiple items may be classified by the \"essential character\" item, or by each item separately. Wrong choice can shift duty significantly.\n- **Parts vs assembled goods.** A semi-assembled product can fall under a different chapter than the finished good.\n- **Use-based classification.** Some codes turn on stated use (e.g., medical vs general) — declared use must be supportable.\n\n## Examples\n\n| Plain description | Likely 6-digit code | Notes |\n|---|---|---|\n| Cotton T-shirt, knit | 6109.10 | Chapter 61, knitted |\n| Cotton T-shirt, woven | 6205.20 | Chapter 62, woven |\n| Wireless headphones | 8518.30 | Subject to Section 301 lists from China |\n| Yoga mat (rubber/PVC) | 9506.91 or 3918.10 | Depends on material/use; can shift duty |\n| Skincare serum | 3304.99 | Cosmetics category |\n| Stainless steel water bottle | 7323.93 | Household article of iron/steel |\n\nThese are starting points only. Verify against the destination's tariff schedule before relying on any code."},{"path":"references/incoterm-tradeoffs.md","content":"# DDP vs DDU Tradeoffs\n\nThe Incoterm choice changes who pays the duty, when, and what happens if anything goes wrong.\n\n## DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)\n\nSeller is responsible for getting the goods to the buyer's door including all duties and import taxes.\n\n**Pros:**\n- Clean buyer experience; no surprise bills.\n- Single quoted price; lower checkout abandonment.\n- Returns are simpler (the seller is the importer of record).\n- Better marketplace performance — many platforms favor or require DDP for prime-style experiences.\n\n**Cons:**\n- Seller carries cash flow for duty and VAT upfront.\n- Margin model must include true landed cost. Underestimate = direct margin loss.\n- VAT registrations may be required in the destination country once volume crosses thresholds (EU OSS / IOSS, UK).\n- Refunding duty on returns is complex; carriers offer reclaim services but with fees.\n- Rate changes are absorbed by the seller until rebill.\n\n**Use when:** Per-shipment duty is small ( USD 200 | | ✓ |\n| Brand-direct consumer | ✓ | |\n| B2B buyer | | ✓ |\n| Marketplace listing | ✓ | |\n| Volatile duty rates | | ✓ |\n| Strong cash position | ✓ | |\n| Returns volume > 10% | | ✓ |\n\n## Always do\n\n- Quote landed cost transparently in marketing material and PDP.\n- Refresh the rate quarterly.\n- Reconcile actual customs invoices monthly against quoted rate; investigate variance > 10%.\n- Keep documentation for the legal retention period."}],"languages":[],"docsSourceLabel":"CLAWHUB","editorialOverview":"Estimate import duties, tariffs, and landed costs for cross-border ecommerce shipments by HS code and destination. 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